منابع مشابه
Top-down causation and social structures.
Top-down causation has been implicit in many sociological accounts of social structure and its influence on social events, but the social sciences have struggled to provide a coherent account of top-down causation itself. This paper summarizes a critical realist view of causation and emergence, shows how it supports a plausible account of top-down causation and then applies this account to the ...
متن کاملTop-down causation without top-down causes
We argue that intelligible appeals to interlevel causes (top-down and bottom-up) can be understood, without remainder, as appeals to mechanistically mediated effects. Mechanistically mediated effects are hybrids of causal and constitutive relations, where the causal relations are exclusively intralevel. The idea of causation would have to stretch to the breaking point to accommodate interlevel ...
متن کاملEvolutionary Transitions and Top-Down Causation
Top-down causation has been suggested to occur at all scales of biological organization as a mechanism for explaining the hierarchy of structure and causation in living systems (Campbell, 1974; Auletta et al., 2008; Davies, 2006b, 2012; Ellis, 2012). Here we propose that a transition from bottom-up to top-down causation – mediated by a reversal in the flow of information from lower to higher le...
متن کاملThe epigenome and top-down causation.
Genes store heritable information, but actual gene expression often depends on many so-called epigenetic factors, both physical and chemical, external to DNA. Epigenetic changes can be both reversible and heritable. The genome is associated with a physical object (DNA) with a specific location, whereas the epigenome is a global, systemic, entity. Furthermore, genomic information is tied to spec...
متن کاملTitle: Emergence, Hierarchy, and Top-down Causation in Evolutionary Biology
General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: Summary The concept of emergence and the related notion of 'downward causation' have arisen in numerous branches of science, and have also been extensively discussed in philosophy. Here I examine emergence and do...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Interface Focus
سال: 2011
ISSN: 2042-8898,2042-8901
DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0055